“Astronomer’s Wife” by Kaye Boyle Essay

In the opening paragraph of Kay Boyles Astronomers Wife, Boyle depicts a wo hu slice race who is oppressed of an equal, intelligent conversition with her spouse. Mrs. Ames sees to all matters of running a successful household, while the stargazer sleeps late and is a loner. His profession makes it clear that he spends a lot of time in thought and alone in the dark at night. Boyle explains, He was a man of other things, a dreamer. At times he lay still for hours, at others he sat upon the roof behind his telescope, or wandered down the pathway to the road and out across the mountains.Since the astronomer is often in his own world, Mrs. Ames is expected to cater to his needs. That man might be each time the new arching wave, and woman the undertow that sucked him back, were things she been told by his silence were so. This quote exemplifies how involved in his work the astronomer is. Whenever he is on the brink of a brilliant idea, she interrupts his train of thought. Therefore, she i s the undertow that breaks the force of the arching wave.The astronomer was obviously obsessed with his work leaving minor time to act as a husband. The marriage appears to be one that compromises Mrs. Amess, and perhaps the astronomers, happiness. This is where the plumber is introduced and Mrs. Ames begins to find stimulation outside her marriage. Something as childly as a conversation with a plumber about a stopped elbow is enough to trigger an awakening in Mrs. Katherine Ames. When Mrs. Ames realized that the plumber was talking about something she understood, she in turn realized that her marital problems were not the result of a division between the sexes instead, she avalid one. She is not happy with a man who wants to go up and that she rather prefers down. Through meeting the plumber, she recognizes this and is called to go down. Mrs. Ames is seeking happiness and someone in whom she can relate. She needs something that speaks to her, something that centre something to h er, and she wants to change.Mrs. Ames feels a connection to the plumber. He involves her in his theory and she develops her own thoughts. Where her husband treats her as unimportant, the plumber makes her bewildered that it should be a man who had spoken to her so. The astronomers wife is trapped in a lifelessmarriage and somewhere there appears a line in which she is not certain if she should cross. The plumber has made her feel like she thought no man ever could. The point is simple Mrs. Ames has desired respect over the years and at last along comes a man that gives her that much needed self-dignity.When ones feelings are taken advantage of or neglected, it is natural for that person to begin to note for a beau who will nurture those needs. Whether this is an act that is carried out subconsciously or intently does not matter. In the case of Mrs. Ames it is happening without her permission, but until now as she tries to deny her inner feelings and needs she finds them leaking through, like water from a pipe, and the reader begins to wonder if maybe the plumber wasnt there just to pile a dripping wash-basin.

How do the writers present sexuality and gender in Tales Of Ovid?

G prohibiter roles switch been continu onlyy redefined throughout literary history. The develop gentlemans gentlemanpowert of awakenuality and g depoter is maped in Behind The Scenes At The Museum, A Streetcar Named Desire and Tales Of Ovid as drive by context and in particular patriarchal society.From Hughes classical exhibit of a human affectionateness in extremis1, so satisfying that it combusts, levitates, or mutates into an experience of the supernatural2 to Streetcars succes de s tidy sumdale3, dealing with sex to an extent, and in a manner not yet encountered on the stage and then Museums unfertilised and comical view of sex, the mutability of sexual urge and grammatical gender has transcended generations tho has been subject to airing literary perspectives. The class of fluidity of gender can be forgively seen to mirror the context of societal and historical metamorphose within which the three works were created.In the introduction of Ovid, Hughes describes the significance of the tales being written at the upshot of the birth of Christ within the Roman Empire. The classical/ Roman pantheon had fallen in on mens heads4 and Hughes makes a clear attempt to equate A tangle withis with Jesus Christ, describing him as the miraculous baby5 and perfection6. For all its Augustean stability, Rome was at sea in hysteria and des geminate, caught in a guidance between the sufferings of the gladiatorial atomic number 18na and a searching for spiritual transcendence.This era of volatility is reflected in the marked fluidity of sexuality in Hughes Ovidian world, where men and women becomes birds and trees. As such, identity itself-importance is problematic gender can no longer be exclusively prescriptive. According to Leo Curran, Ovid recognised the fluidity, the breaking round of boundaries, payable to the uncontrollable variety of nature and the unruliness of human passion. 7 Hughes unsettlingly explores this in the story of Salmacis and Hermap hroditus, where the carnal nymph Salmacis rapes the timid boy Hermaphroditus.You can read alsoSimilarities and Conflicts in a Streetcar Named DesireAs he continues to struggle, she prays that we neer, never/ shall be separated, you and me8. Her plea is hubristically answered and, with a smile, the gods look on as the two bodies/ melted into a single body/ seam little as the weewee. 9 The conjunction of the two sexes seems incompatible as detect in the drowning of what a modern audience would recognise as a hermaphrodite. Hughes selection of this myth, with the same foul conclusion as Ovids original, conveys the commingling of the two sexes as resulting in the debilitation of the male qualities, rather than their enduringnessening, therefore contri justeing effeminacy pejoratively.The dissolution of gender boundaries is reiterated by Hughes in his story of Tiresias. Tiresias passage through femininity, having lived and love in a womans bodyand also in the body of a man10 le aves him with the crotchety experiences of both sexes. His knowledge about feminine pleasure, that women do, as Jupiter contends end up with nine-tenths of the pleasure, angers Jupiter and his revelation proves damaging as she blinds him. It takes moreover one man, formerly a woman, to destroy the reassuring view that placed wives beyond the influence of pleasure.Social upheaval was also explicit at the beginning of the 20th century. Two cosmea Wars had, temporarily, shifted the gender power balance with women filling vacant male roles moreover for these to be reassumed in the 50s. William Streetcar is an astute depiction of the continual metamorphosis gender roles were encountering in the struggle for supremacy, both at home and nationally between the Old South and the New America. In Streetcar, Blanche, as a grammatical construction of the ante gongum, is taken a behavior, expiration Stanley holding his new son.The new decedent acts as a type of the end of the decaying Du Bois line and a sort of victory for the new Kowalski family. As the Cambridge Companion To Tennessee Williams states Theatregoers did not easily quaver off lingering apprehensions that were born of the 1930s depression and nurtured by the 1945 unleashing of nuclear weapons in this climate, the loose organize and morale ambiguities of Streetcar struck a chord of truth. 11 Furthermore, when Williams describes Stanley shouting Sttellah 12 in a heaven split up voice, we see the unless power of the Kowalskis, who corroborate rocked the spatial relation quo to the same extent as genus Venus doomed love13 in Ovid, that means she has neglected even Olympus14. Ted Hughes exploration of gender fluidity is a more progressive one, in that a 21st century audience is much more receptive to transgender and sexual deviance than Tennessee Williams contemporaries. Williams homosexuality was illegal for the dandyer part of his bearing, but he found ways, establish or oblique, of speaking of them in his plays.There is, indeed, a real guts in which Williams is a harvest-festival of his work. When he began to write he was plain Tom. The invention of Tennessee was not merely coterminous with the elaboration of internal representation fictions it was of a piece with it. In that sense it is not entirely fanciful to suggest that he was the fruit of the discourse of his plays. Indeed he created female alter egos, such as Blanche in Streetcar, before he began, as he did in later life, to dress up as a woman15. Where did his work end and his life begin?The man who consigns Blanche to insanity later found himself in a straitjacket. As amateur Hana Sambrook more explicitly notes there be those who believe that the tragic figure of Blanche Dubois is a transsexual presentation of the promiscuity of Williams himself16. Certainly, Blanches m whatsoever a(prenominal) intimacies with strangers17, her unfeminine like licentiousness and charade of hypocrisy aligns Williams with his protagonist. For a man for whom the concealment of his true sexual identity was for long a necessity, the fragmentation of the self into multiple roles offered a possible refuge.Blanche enters the play an actress and Williams creates her character as a serial publication of roles, by using structural techniques to focus the audience upon her even when off stage heard bathe serenely as a bell18 whilst singing obliviously in contrapuntal19 contrast to the lurid revelations of her past being detailed by Stanley in the adjoining room. Blanches desire for disguise is a phony affectation, using the smoke and mirrors of her alcoholicism and fine clothing, to trump up an elaborate alternative reality she can abscond to, enabling her to put on soft influence, the colours of butterfly wings, and glow20.This indirect, dramatic language and vivid imagery is typical of her escapism and her view of herself as delicate21 reinforces the image of Blanche as a fragile moth that pervades Williams stage directions. Despite this, Williams does not wholly present Blanche as a faded Southern belle22 as some critics claim, but rather sheds a favorable light on Blanches attempts to protect and preserve the genteel values of the old Southern civilisation.Williams states that Blanche was the close rational of all the characters hed created, evident in her contradictory wilful ignorance of the causes of the loss of Belle Reve, yet her understanding that the rootage cause was her familys epic fornications. Williams also reveres Blanche as his strongest character in many ways23 and her singular internal integrity of Never inside, I didnt lie in my heart24 has seen her resist the atrocity and savagery of a relentless modern society. Thus, even to the very end of the play, Blanche has never yielded to any usual violent actions and rude behaviour, crying FireFire during Mitchs attempted rape and fighting Stanley to her material limit with a broken bottle when eventually violated. When the big Matron tries to subdue her physically on the appal, she never stops resisting until the Doctor gently offers her his arm like a real gentleman. Blanches dignified leaving further indicates her spiritual integrity, as critic Robert James Cardullo25 claims Blanches ascension from crucifix pinioning on the floor and her spirited slip awaying the way out of the hell of her sisters home creates a locomote tragic catharsis for the audienceBlanches defeat has considerable aesthetic dignity. Williams literature was strangely unmoved by the issue of gay rights and the issue of homosexuality that was so prominent in his semiprivate life, while clearly a strand in his work, was never a central theme and certainly never defended or promoted, neither publically nor politically. He seems to use Blanche as an expression of a deviation which clearly existed between his morality and sexuality, never to be resolved and never aired fully in his plays, despite its pertinence in the plays political context.By contrast, in Behind The Scenes many aspects of life seem constant and the stability of gender roles seems to reflect this. In Museum, the past permeates the present and the present is doomed to replicate the past. The shop ghosts and objects such as the pink glass button that goes rolling down the years act as chronological touchs expressions and history repeats itself through the lives of successive women. Sophia, Alice, Nell and Bunty all lead lives vitiate by misery, disappointment and domestic drudgery.None of these women marry for love and all encounter marital strife. Alice, an poerty-stricken widower marries Frederick in order to give up teaching, Nell marries Frank out of desperation, her two previous fiances having been killed in the war, and Bunty marries George when abandoned by her American fiance Bick. Thwarted in potential, trapped and unhappy, the women sh be a sense that they ar living the wrong life26.Parallels between past and present create a sense of historical inevitability that is endorsed by a series of echoes between the lives of different women. Nell falls for Jack who has high, piercing cheekbones like razor clam shells27 and by the end of the novel, Ruby has fallen for a strikingly standardised Italian with cheeks as sharp as knife blades28. Bunty looks like Nell and Ruby looks like Alice. The latter pair both believe in destiny29 and embrace it in the mistaken form of men.Alice, Bunty and Ruby have all had enough30. With typically perceptive narration for her tender age, Ruby com locateions for this hereditarily as one of those amusing genetic whispers crosswise time dictates that in moments of stress we will all (Nell, Bunty, my sisters, me) brush our hands across our foreheads in exactly the same way that Alice has just done31. The reference point to genes by Atkinson implies that behavioural patters are inherent and inescapable.Even Adrian, as the sole gay man in the novel, is presented in clich ed footing as having an interest in hairdressing, his intimate conversation with a barman prompting a dramatically ironic exclamation of thats queer32 from the unwitting Uncle Clifford. Gender roles within all three texts are enforced through the sexual dominance of men over their female companions. Critic C. W. E Bigsby note that the shock of Streetcarlay in the fact that this was the first American play in which sexuality was patently at the core of the lives of all its characters, a sexuality33.Williams presents sex as having the power to salvage or destroy, to compound or negate the forces, which bore on those caught in a moment of great social change. The gaudy seed bearer34 Stanley is a bestial representation of the new South and he uses his intense virility and sexual power to great effect. His sexual magnetism is exemplified by the attributeic piece of ground of meat thrown to a visibly delighted Stella in the opening scene. The connotations of his sexual proprietorshi p over Stella and her sexual infatuation with him are not mixed-up on the watching Negro woman.In unconditional contrast, Bunty feigns deafness at the butchers innuendo laced conversations35, exposing him as a bluff hoax of himself36. Her caustic description of him as a pigsmooth shiny skin stretched tightly over his buttery flesh37 is both comical and telling in her uptight rejection of his smutty behaviour. This mordant tone continues into the awkwardly comical depictions of male sexual supremacy in Behind The Scenes fornications.Rubys designing by a typically tipsy George and equally typically stoic Bunty who is pretending to be slumbrous38, summarises well Atkinsons presentation of a tired female submission to male virility in the repressed society of 40s England. Georges demise is with his trouser round his ankles, a less than dignified epileptic penguin39, as the World Cup final carries on regardless40 in another(prenominal) typically callous death of Behind The Scenes. T his dominance leads to a trapping sexual dependence of women upon men, symbolically reflected by Williams in the eponymous streetcar, bound for Desire, and then for the Cemeteries41.The streetcar stands for Blanches headlong descent into fortuity at the hands of her lust. Like the streetcars destination, Desire, the stop called Elysian Fields is an obvious symbol an ironic fantasy however, as the Elysian Fields the abode of the blessed dead in Greek mythology turns out to be a rundown street in New Orleans. The very same symbol of the rattle trap streetcar42 is used by both sisters in scene 4, as a euphemism for sexual experience. They speak explicitly of the blunt desire43 that decides their choice. In answer to Stellas question oasist you ever ridden on that street-car? 44 Blanches bitter riposte of it brought me here45 displays both self-knowledge and self-condemnation of her accepted destitution. Ominously the matter-of-fact Stella offers no words of self-criticism prior t o the only fleeting moment that she confronts her guilt oh god, what have I done to my sister? 46. Moments later, in the middle of her luxurious47 sobbing, she yields to Stanleys lovemaking, compounding her guilt. This dependence is echoed in Tiresias from Ted Hughes Ovid where women are said to take nine tenths of the pleasure48 during sex.Men are vital for women to experience any sexual satisfaction and female desire ultimately renders them reliant and weakened. Their dependence is compounded by a financial reliance. Marxist feminist theory argues an economic dependence on men deprives women of the right to miss their own fate, reducing them to existence by male affiliation. On a teachers recompensebarely sufficient for her living expenses49, Blanche had to come to New Orleans for the summer as she didnt save a penny last year50.In the wake of her husbands suicide and the epic fornications51 of her grand vexs and father and uncles and brothers52, she is forced again to turn to m en for financial support, depending, as is her mantra on the kindness of strangers53. Her attempted allurement of Stanley is based on the recognition that maybe he is what we need to mix with our blood now that weve lost Belle Reve54. Her spiral of desperation turns to Mitch and finally the nebulous millionaire Shep Huntleigh who comes to stand as a symbol of material strength of dependence and guarantee for women, more exactly for Blanche.Blanche recognises that Stella could be happier without her physically abusive husband, Stanley, yet her alternative of Shep save involves complete dependence on men. When Stella chooses to remain with Stanley, she chooses to rely on, love, and believe in a man sooner of her sister. Williams does not necessarily criticise Stellahe makes it quite clear that Stanley represents a much more practiced future than Blanche does. That Shep never materialises strongly suggests that if women place their hope and fortune on men, their oppressed and subor dinate status can never be changed.Bunty, like Stella, who has to request that her husband better give her some capital55, confirms her reliance on George in having no intention of working after her marriage56. Buntys quest for stardom and self-discovery conflicts with a mode of motherhood that requires service, sacrifice, and selflessness. As she moves into adulthood during World War II, Bunty tries out a series of different quixotic identities in the search for selfhood Deanna Durbin57, Scarlett OHara58 and Greer Garson59.However, as her family grows, her dreams diminish, and Bunty is forced to forgo a self she has not yet fully realised. The erosion of self is symbolised by the abbreviation of her name for Bernice, to Bunty, which George truncates to Bunt60. Ironically, George marries Bunty only because he thinks she will be a big help in the shop61 and thus Bunty is comically presented as trapped in the role of the Martyred wife62 despite her belief that marriage to George woul d free her from the graft that she imagines herself to be above.Rubys mock expression of pity in her narrative gives an account of Buntys woes in a sardonic tone her tranquilisers are Buntys little helpers63 and Atkinsons silly portrayal of Bunty as put out but ultimately accepting of her role as a married woman contrasts with Williams poignant subdual of Blanche and Stella. Sexual and financial dominance coalesces in another tool for the seduction of women rape. Hughes presents his women in terms of capital value Philomena is a priceless gift, available to cash in your whole kingdom for64.As a result of rape in Streetcar and Ovid, the victimised females are presented as devalued and diminished in worth in the views of patriarchal society. Myrrha, utterly disgusted with her life65 is described as polluted66 and contaminated67 in the wake of her incestuous act, which removes her from life and death in some nerveless limbo68. Male exploitation of Blanches sexuality has left her wit h an equally suffering reputation.This notoriety makes Blanche an unattractive marriage prospect, but, because she is destitute, Blanche sees marriage as her only possibility for survival, trapping her in the roll of submission to men. It is telling that Blanches rape is not condemned, and it can be argued that Williams portrays her violation as ineluctable in patriarchal culture and also self-inflicted by her provocative behaviour, a controversial thought for a modern audience. In her ingratiation of Mitch, she uses all kinds of strategies to deceive him enough to make him-want69 and conceals her true age, because Men dont want anything they get too on the loose(p).But men lose interest quickly when the missy is over-thirty70. This represents the internalisation of patriarchal society that her behaviour has precipitated. Her trunk, symbolic of her own displaced and materialistic identity, is full of the flashy pretension of fake finery that she perceives men to desire, and the Chinese lampshade softens the glare of the Mitchs gaze on her fading mantrap and adds to the magic Blanche desires the dressing up of ugly reality. However, both are ultimately violated with a strong sense of dramatic irony.When first Mitch and then Stanley tear off the paper lantern, she cries out as in pain. The opening of the trunk becomes a divesture of interiority Stanleys question what is them underneath? 71 becomes a central one as the trunk functions as a metonymy for some unchartered territory about to be fundamentally disrupted, but to no condemnation from the playwright. Similarly, even when the male hunter Actaeon is punished upon inadvertently offending the nakedly bathing goddess Diana with his sight, Hughes suggests that Actaeons crime was one of fortune Destiny, not guilt, was enough/For Actaeon.It is no crime/To lose your way in a dark wood72. Hughes suggests here that Actaeons death is the necessary ordeal to lead him through hell to paradise. When sexual aggres sion or rape is exhibited by females however, the result and portrayal are markedly different. Salmacis and Blanche are remarkably alike in this respect. Salmacis is a naiad (a nymph who presided over springs and brooks) and as such is described in typically natural imagery as perfect / as among damselflies73, aggregation lilies for a garland74.This peaceful language of the natural world is tinged however with a more prevision aggression in the viper75 like elegance of her sinewy otter76 like body, which portends her sexual experience in contrast to the innocent young boy Hermaphroditus, who blushes at the naming of love. Hughes places the emphasis on the feminine snares of the lascivious water nymph, who is aggressively sexual in a very Blanche like manner. She knows she had to have Hermaphroditus77 and proceeds to unashamedly flirt, checking her encircle her cleavage78.Her sensual language is heightened by its inference of a taboo love with the incestuous reference of what a lu cky sister As for the mother/ Who held you, and pushed her nipple between your lips/ I am already sick with envy79, exemplifying her sexual command over the boy, who refuses her advances without really knowing what she wants. He desires only to bathe and his obliviousness to her advances are indicative of his youth and inexperience but also his male gender precluding him from the experience of passion, as echoed in the nine tenths of the pleasure80 that the female takes in Tiresias.Thus he becomes an easy prey and Like a snake81 she flings and locks her coils/ around him82, a tangle of constrictors, nippled with suckers83 the disturbing organic metaphors further exemplifying her atypical literary position as the female aggressor of rape. Throughout this scene however, Salmacis is never rendered as in sexual control Hermaphroditus will not surrender/ or yield the to the lowest degree kindness/ of the pleasure she longs for/ and rages for, and pleads for84. Hughes implication of the ir demise as a result of their unnatural union is clear the only way in which a woman can rape a man is if he is not clearly male.To conclude, in the words of an anonymous critic gender roles figure so conspicuously in literature that they begin to take on a life of their own, whereas to become fluid in the mind of the writer and reader alike it is evident that when working with ambiguity, man and woman, whose boundaries are few and far-off between, become locked in a dimension of transmutation. These words said of Ovid, offer a compact summary of the three works, applicable mainly to Hughes characters such as Salmacis and Tiresias, and Williams Blanche.Ultimately however, despite the differing time periods in which they were written the role of gender is an inextricable fibre in ancient, southern and modern literature. The three writers posit sexuality and gender contrastingly Williams uncompromising personally and socially powerful85 play, Hughes matter-of-fact narration and At kinsons comically cliched bildungsroman. A prominent similarity in the treatment of gender by all three authors is the ability of each to manipulate and intertwine not only their ideas of the gender line but also those of their contextual popular culture in order to effectively and complexly examine its role.

Machiavelli’s story Essay

He wrote to medick embellished with magnificent words together with extrinsic allurements wishing the medics honor should give him the frame of the office that he definitely was stuffing of. He contemplated and made assumptions of himself being humble and low beforehand the concerns of the princes, pret finaleing to have understood the needs of people. He also thought that the book was a benefaction to the prince to entice him in order to be given a vacancy in the spic-and-span government.He regular recommends to the prince to intelligently and diligently read and consider the book as in the Prince will end up learning Machiavellis extreme desire for prince to attain the greatness that fortune and other attributes promise. Machiavelli judge that the principalities are all hereditary to power and its acquisition is accustomed to live under the prince by all fortune or ability. He anticipated that the prince should keep the corrupt government continue to rule for the benefits o f the a couple of(prenominal) him included against to which what it was. His story from is was ultimately different from what it should be.For instance, Duke of Ferrara in Italy who could not have withstood the attacks of the Venetians in 1984 nor those of Pope Julius in 1910 unless of the establishment of dominions. For hereditary prince has less cause to and less necessity to offend to happen that he will be more loved but the vice versa caused him to be more hated as it was commonsensical that Machiavellis subject naturally disposed him off from the prince, his motives was derived to no existence of change and his own description of change was the one that leaves the toothing for another to keep the corrupt government from one generation to another that impossibly didnt happen.Machiavellis story was defining change as the deception of the willing election of the new ruler hoping to better themselves expectation that could hardly rise from the inherent difficulties from the new to be principalities. He figures solidarity as hardship that he mustiness put upon his new acquisition in order to satisfy those who elected Medic into power. Machiavelli egocentrically viewed himself as the core pillar for the success of Medics government, thus he must be given the position on this regime to excel.He beliefs not that Borge Cesare lost power by malignity of fortune that he acquired during the ascendancy of his father. In Machiavellis story, he didnt imagine to wield about the so called enemies whom he injured in seizing principality and he is not even considering the essence for them to feel satisfied as the way the expected or hopped when they were electing you into power. Instead Machiavelli suggested for the strong measures to be taken against them, feeling not bound to them anymore and they are profound to be oppressed by the use of the strong forces under the command of the leader in charge.This was totally different from even the notional view of Medic whe n he came into power. His mission and vision was to have equality among all those who elected him, stem/ eradicate corruption and that is why he disputed the gift from Machiavelli that was vividly giving him a speck towards the corrupt government to benefit the a few including Machiavelli. Medic wasnt gullible for the public properties as the story of Machiavelli portray him as somebody who is gullible, selfish/mean, corrupt and egocentric.Basing on Machiavellis story, he viewed that the include of accustomed hereditary pass of power was a prudent courtesy from the ancestors and anybody doing contrary to it was like immorality towards the ancestors. In order to deal prudently with circumstances as they arise and for the care to maintain Medic in state Machiavelli must be in the cabinet in the government and if not so something sinister will happen to deprive Medic extra-ordinary from power, which was untrue and didnt happen. Reference 1. The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli, Transl ated By George Bull Published By Penguin Books Ltd (1995).

12 Angry Men †Critical Thinkers Essay

In Twelve Angry workforce, a young man is on trial for stabbing and killing his grow. The movie focuses on twelve randomly selected citizens who are assigned the employment of determining the fate of this 19 year aging man. The jury is supposed to experience certain facts and set up the truth based solely on the evidence presented to them in court. It is assumed that the jurymans will jurist sensibly and without personal bias. Basically, the jurors need to use exact view during this trial to figure out what evidence is actual and what evidence is false. Throughout the film, some jurors were better at fine thinking than others, some had obstacles to over keep abreast before batch they could use good critical thinking skills, and yet others became critical thinkers at different points during the movie. Critical thinking played a key role in Twelve Angry Men. In order to be able to think outside the box, one must possess the ability to think unbiaslly, not drive personal is sues into play, not be scared to put the ideas and doubts on the table, and to be level headed.The juror who have these skills the best and applied them better than his eleven other companions was juror number 8, played by enthalpy Fonda. At the beginning of the movie, juror 8 was the only one to vote not guilty on the first vote. Fondas character plainly stated Its not easy for me to raise my hand and send a boy to die without talking most it first. This shows that he wanted to examine all the evidence and facts before coming to his decision. As the movie went on, juror 8 kept session questions standardized could it be possible and could he be wrong to remind others that about reasonable doubt. therefore Fondas character helped find holes in two key pieces of evidence, one being the knife use in the murder. The switchblade knife was supposed to one of a kind, but juror 8 takes a knife out of his pocket and jams it into the table next to the knife that was used in the murder. T he knives were identical and Fondas character explains that he bought it in the same neighborhood. The second piece of evidence juror 8 base reasonable doubt in was the old mans testimony. The old claims he heard the sea wolf yell I m gonna kill you, a second later he heard the fathers body fall and he saw the boy running out of the house xv seconds after. Juror 8 decided to reenact the scene, paying attention to detail my dragging his foot like the old man, as well as, measuring the distance so that it was accurate.Fondas character proved the old mans story was false because it took thirty-one seconds. Juror 8 payed attention to details, analyzed both detail, put aside his biases, and opened the eyes of the other jurors, this is why he was a great critical thinker. Although there were some good critical thinkers in Twelve Angry Men, there were a fewer jurors who still couldnt see outside the box until it was almost too late. Juror 10 seemed to be the most close minded of all his peers, resulting in big(p) critical thinking. There were instances where this character stamp the defendant racially by saying those people,them, they are born liars and they do not cling to human life. Juror 10 also referred to calling the boy ignorant and a slob. This juror not only treated the defendant poorly, but his behavior towards his companions was ignorant. Juror 10 was sarcastic, insensitive, lacking morals, attribute grudges, and a loud mouth. For instance, juror 10 sarcastically says youre a smart fellow arent you? to juror 8 in response to a piece of evidence that had been shredded. All of these characteristics are ones that vitiate the mind and do not allow common sense or critical thinking to come into play. There were three individuals that held so much grudhe, anger and aggression that it prevented them from thinking critically.One of these peers was juror 3. He claimed that the defendant was certainly guilty and his reasons for thinking this was completel y prejudice. He brought thoughts of anger, resentment and revenge into the jury because his possess son left him. For this he thinks and blames all young folks. Another jury who was a bad critical thinker is number 2. He tends to follow the crowd and feels like its an open and closed case. He doesnt want to see the facts as they are nor does he want to listen to what anyone says. The last juror who bad at thinking critically was 6. Though he gave juror 8 a chance, the reason was because he was too narrow headed to figure out the evidence wase. He couldnt connect any of the dots nor did he speak up very much in the discussion. Twelve Angry Men had good examples of how the second-rate person uses critical thinking, which is while the process of conversion is occurring? For some reason the light bulb dings on after we listen to others explain their thoughts. Jurors 9, 11 and 7 were like most of us. During the trial juror 9 kept voting guilty until Fondas character started talking abo ut the old mans character and the womans eyesight.He voted not guilty after he thought about the old mans character being alone, never had recognition in life for anything, and he wanted some so the old man lied. Juror 9 had to overcome his own light of himself being old and not really needed for much in order to be a critical thinker and realize his opinions count too. Like juror 9, juror 7 had to overcome his concentration of going to a Yankees game. Throughout the film, he kept voting guilty and wherefore after he heard jurors 8 and 10 talk about how the woman wore glasses and she didnt have them on when she saw the murder. When this happened, juror 7 realised that there was reasonable doubt in the case. This only happens after he voted not guilty just to get to the ball game and Fondas character asks him why, which then makes 7 pay attention and think. Juror 11 was an immigrant who was scared and easily swayed by his peers.He had the obstacle of trying to stand up for himsel f, understand his voice counts and that his mind works just like others. Juror 11 conquered this obstacle when juror 8 was talking about the wound, he realized that the someone taller would have had to been the killer. He also explained to the others that a switchblade is use in an upward motion. at one time these characters got over their obstacles, their critical thinking skills helped open holes in the case. All in all, Twelve Angry Men was a great learning tool to what critical thinking is and how to apply. This film taught me that you have to approach decisions in a certain manner. I need to keep an open mind, be level-headed, express my opinions and not judge others. Thinking critically implies that brain power of yours and your peers is needed to get a better understanding of public life. Respecting others around you is key. In order to use critical thinking, one must know what it entails.

Jefferson Essay Essay

doubting Thomas Jefferson played a very central role in the history of the United States. Jefferson is most famously kn take for writing the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson talked many condemnations about African-Americans in America. Where they equal to flannel people? How were whites and blacks different? What about bondage? Thomas Jefferson had an opinion on all in all of these subjects, but much of what Thomas Jefferson verbalise was later contradicted with his own words. What did Thomas Jefferson mean when he said that all men were equal?Well, many people would touch with what it nub today in modern times. Today the statement, all men argon created equal means all men and women whether black, white, tall, short, fat, or skinny were all created equal. That is not necessarily what it meant in the 1700s. Blacks were enslaved and worked hard go laden white men did nothing of the sort. Justice Thurgood Marshall said, The blacks were so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect and that the Negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to bondage for his benefit. This excerpt shows that in that time blacks were not treated the same as whites and clearly did not fuck off the same rights. Conor Cruise OBriens book confirms this belief as he takes a extract from Thomas Jefferson himself It is accepted that the words all men are created equal do not, in their material meaning, apply to women, and were not intended by the Founding Fathers to apply to slaves. This shows that when Thomas Jefferson talks about all men being created equally he means to say white men.The meaning of the word transferral is as follows to leave ones native country to live elsewhere (Merriam-Webster). Jefferson wanted to lay the blacks that were descendent of the original slaves back to Africa. The deal here was Africa was no longer their native country. This act was know as transportation. The southern courts call upd that sl avery violated the natural rights of blacks and although slavery was allowed and legal it was immoral and unjust. Thomas Jefferson do it known that he supported the abolishment of slave trading.He said the following to Congress kip down the citizens of the United States from all further participation in those violations of tender rights which have been so long proceed on the un offend inhabitants of Africa. By this Jefferson means that the people of the United States should stop the enslavement of blacks so that they no longer violate the human rights and stop offending the people of Africa. In this way Jeffersons reasons for promoting expatriation and understanding for the natural rights of blacks were consistent.He wanted to send the blacks back because he wanted to stop offending the people of Africa. Jefferson believed that blacks and whites were very different. He said that he believed that blacks were originally their own race and became distinct by time and certain circu mstances. According to Jefferson blacks came from their own species but were from the same general genus that is the human race. He said that blacks were inferior to whites in mind and body. This can be said to mean that whites were maybe better face people or that they were more fit.It could have been said to mean that whites were smarter than blacks because they had an education that the blacks did not have. Jefferson did not believe blacks were men. Men, was said to be referred to as only white men. Samuel Eliot Morison says in his book In his views (Jefferson) blacks were not men. The monomania of individual rights was mainly determined by ones race or skin color. Blacks had no rights early on in the 1700s but began to become free in the early 1800s. A wealthy white male had all rights he was allowed to do what he wanted so long as it was just.A black man was free and eventually gained simple rights due to the belief that the United States was violating human rights. I do no t believe that expatriation could have been a helpful solution to the task of slavery in America. I believe this because if the slaves would have gone to Africa they would be gone, but there is no saying that the lazy southern farmers would not have brought in slaves from other places. They would have gotten so employ to not having to work that they would not be able to start working again.I think that they would possibly keep indentured servants as permanent slaves or enslave poor people. Im for certain that expatriation would not solve the problem of slavery, at least not immediately. As I utter in the beginning, Jeffersons view changed greatly throughout the course of his lifetime. Later in his life he began to appreciate black people more because of all their hard work. Also, he realized that blacks were the same as whites in that they were to be given human rights and that the people of the United States had been violating their rights from the very beginning.Jefferson also saw that blacks were men, and that in reality God created all men equal, black and white. Thomas Jefferson certainly lived an intriguing life. He lived during a time where slavery was legal. He lived during a time when slavery began to die out. Jefferson was part of the reason why blacks are free today. Although his beliefs shifted throughout the duration of his life he ended on the good side, the side that was just. He began to believe that all men are created equal with a literal meaning.

London – Stan Marshal

The urban center of Lonetown, now in its 21st century, is one of the most popular, urbanised capitals of the world. It is a place of opportunity, commotion and great excitement, bringing the public together from all four corners of the world. The towering grace and the everlasting history not only anthropomorphises the exciting and unique British quality of life and in each case the many doubts that are brought about by such a popular city overall.The barriers that ward off such this metropolis from the exceptional and idealistic world that we exceptionally want to live in, strangely enough relegate Lonetown to the abysmal and diabolical mess that many people could say was beyond the bounds of possibility. every(prenominal) insignificant feature that we see in daily British society has some kind of unconvincing flaw in it, for example the car that an ordinary person drives brings a source of freedom, fun and, clear up of all, road tax.It would be such a disap heightment to ruin such an enormously popular city homogeneous Lonetown through problems that appear from certain individuals from the depths in society. Nevertheless, we could say that Lonetown is climbing the stairway that leads to the turbulent, hellish point in civilisation rather than the divine utopian society that we all long for, where the devil himself is ubiquitous and wicked. What is strange is that few people perceive, let alone care. The drinking, drugs and explicit language set bad examples to the new-fashioned and forthcoming generations of citizens, yet this is so widespread that society altogether is worsening.Stan Marshal and Louise Clark are two display caseistic examples of different people with separate philosophies, who expose the detrimental aspects of society in a battle mingled with what is right and what is wrong. Stan Marshal, a person at the peak of his career and preparing for his spectacular fifth concert. The fans loved him that their parents ostracised him. It was not surprising since he had the looks and the style to be the talented hip-hop rap singer that he is. The teenagers loved his down-to-earth attitude of drinking and drugs, and the shocking language in his songs.On the other hand, Louise Clark, an welfare single mother, was forced to take her son to the concert promised to be incredible and breathtaking. She was obviously against this and the influence this concomitant rap singer had on her children. After all, a single mother taking care of triad children was a strenuous job and she had passed the last few years without her husband by her side. Everyday was like dija-vu, waking up at six oclock in the morning and spending the day vacuuming, washing, cleaning and aliment her children.Living in the dilapidated side of Lonetown, she had to handle everything there was- alcohol, drugs abuse and unemployment. Her only hope and penury now was for her children not to grow up to be the failure that she now is, however this seemed r ather devoid considering her eldest child, Michael, seemed obsessed and somewhat manipulated by Stan and his hip-hop music. It is astonishing what a critical public clap can do. Stans uprising popularity was not only because of his distinct music to the younger generation but also his momentous yet obscene lifestyle.His consistent intake of alcoholic drinks, smoking cannabis and injecting heroin was not really surprising. It was by this process that made him into such an unusual person, which accordingly made him attract attendance easily. Some would say he lived life on the edge, taking extraordinary risks quite recently and at long last ending up in the middle of a clash between two gangs. Parents believed that wherever he walked, he carried trouble along with him, which is wherefore they tried to pr eveningt their children from coming into contact with him in any way.However, every crime that a teenager does at some point in their life is influenced all by peer pressure or by a person similar to Stans character. This is the reason why Louise felt the need to take a stand. Not only was she apprehensive by the fact that her son was listening to his music, but also the way it may affect her two daughters- Lisa and Rachael and whether they would be manipulated by Stans blunt temperament. With the concert finished, Stans follower seemed for him to leave-taking. They were so devoted to his brilliance in hip-hop music that they were inclined to wait a day if they needed to for his autograph.Michael and his mother were amongst the multitude of people, who fortunately had a clear view of the limousine and the door Stan was supposed to depart from. Louise was astonished to notice that she was probably the only parent to come to the concert, and scald of all she did not like it. It started with the foul words, as he appeared on the stage with his trademark item- the chainsaw. It terminate yet again with the offensive words and to top it all off, some drin king and drugs. Louise wanted to stomach Michael away as quickly as she could straight from the moment Stans obnoxious figure appeared on the stage. withal she couldnt firstly, because it was Michaels birthday and secondly, because she was interested in the impact Stan made on these pitiful teenagers. Finally, twenty minutes or so after the concert, Stan appeared, cameras flashed and girls screamed. It was quite a spectacle, however it took little time for Stan to walk to his car without in some manner caring about the people who surrounded him. He was in the music business for his image, popularity and money and cared little about the assembly of people surrounding him.This is why Louise really felt the need to do something and to study at least one ignorant child in the swarm aware of the kind of character Stan was. She felt the urge of inflicting some kind of damage to his dim-witted character, yet it seemed unwise considering he carried a chainsaw with him. At least she tried to make herself prominent in the mass crowd. Although there were policemen in the way of both Stan and Louise from confronting each other, they still exchanged looks, both realising that they were the oppositions antagonist. Stan made little response in the presence of Louise, however he had a feeling of scepticism and doubt.Louise, on the other hand, felt even more displeasure by looking at his face. She expected a grin from him, almost a smirk of triumph because of his ascendancy and his organisation of loyal fans. She felt the need to retaliate with vengeance or retribution because the way he, like other artists, made a disgrace of society and musical finis overall. So what was her course of action now- to bring to an end his vulgar music and his influence to the teenagers or to leave him with his mass popularity. The answer was easy to overthrow Stan. To diminish his popularity. To topple his image.

Problem indicators of Avis Budget Group Assignment

Problem indicators of Avis cipher Group - Assignment ExampleThe costs of operation of Avis Budget group rose by 3% as compared to set standards. Currently, the high society is planning to acquire Zipcar, Inc. Corporation. On January 2, the management announced that the company has entered into an agreement to acquire Zipcar, Inc., the worlds leading car sharing network. Final proceedings are expected to be completed in March or April 2013.These acquisitions are expensive and insecure to undertake. Further, the company requires additional finances to promptly and effectively integrate the business organizationes of Zipcar and Avis Budget Group. This has increase the costs of managing much(prenominal) risks and hiring professionals to effect the acquisition. Avis Budget Group participated in the introduction and assembly of the electric vehicle in the trumpet of Africa, and the enlightening to people ab out the importance of solar power than fuel power. They have rolled out a pr ogram that teaches the people of the efficiency factors in relation to climatic change and conditions. The company has too seen the introduction of electric cars that use solar power instead of diesel or petrol (Myers 3). The company has joined hands with other companies that fight for healthier, green environment (Avis 2). This movement requires heavy capital investment, which come on shoots up costs of operation. Though costs of production are expected to increase, the company is promising to begin monetary values charged for transport services. If prices are lowered, income from investment activities will not cover the costs. Under normal business operations, increase in production costs is expected to be directly proportional to increase in prices. In contrast, the Avis Budget is planning to reduce charges. This may lead to the company incurring losses that may be irrecoverable in the short-run.Reduced market coverage by 4%Competition has increased consistently in the vehicl e rental industry. The car renting companies are coming up each day. More investors are realizing that car rental business is a profitable business. Examples of competitors are Buick Enclaves, Chevrolet Cobalts. These investors have created unsportsmanlike competition, which has negatively affected Avis Budget Group. Competition has also risen because the car rental industry is a free competitive market stucture. In order to curb this competition, Avis Budget Group will be forced to incur extra costs in advertising and other forms of promotional activities. Prevalent of laughable competition has caused the company lose some of its potential customers. Increased competition has caused this company to increase expenditures on after-sale services and enhancing the quality of its vehicles. Competition will also come from other forms of transport such as sea and air transport, which attract more customers. This will lead to reduced profits, reduced share price and increased losses (Ki ngs 9). Therefore, competition in the vehicle re